Developing Competence

By Dominik Lukeš

Engagement Types

Generic description of skills across modes of engagement.

Consuming

Novice

Can consume content in default setting using predefined tools. Struggles with non-default settings or compatibility.

Apprentice

Can choose right tool. Uses basic features. Aware of content locations but struggles with format compatibility.

Practitioner

Uses multiple tools. Uses hidden features/customization. Troubleshoots incompatibilities. Good storage strategies.

Expert

Full understanding of formats. Converts between formats. Uses keyboard shortcuts. Participates in expert forums.

Creating

Novice

Text modality only. Abandons efforts due to lack of skill. Frequently recreates content due to saving issues.

Apprentice

Multiple modalities at basic level. Uses predefined functions. Struggles with complex instructions.

Practitioner

Creates in several modalities. Customizes tools. Relies on sophisticated abstractions when troubleshooting.

Expert

Professional level. Advanced workflows. Discovers and shares new methods of troubleshooting.

Interacting

Novice

Basic text/audio visual. No troubleshooting ability. Frequently does not participate due to lack of skill.

Apprentice

Interacts across most modalities. Default features only. Asks for help with complex interactions.

Practitioner

Interacts across all modalities. Customizes tools. Troubleshoots for the group.

Expert

Effortlessly switches modes. Uses hidden features. Anticipates problems like security.

Improving

Novice

Resistant to change. Relies on defaults. Never installs new tools.

Apprentice

Basic strategies (observing, asking). Occasional basic customization.

Practitioner

Advanced strategies. Reads manuals. Focuses on productivity. Installs new tools.

Expert

Participates in communities. Seeks improvement of existing tools. Tests multiple tools.